Wednesday, February 27, 2013
The Greeks
We had to get our notebooks out and pencils, and had to take notes on a video about the Greeks. Firstly though, Mikenzhie and Kelley both fell out of their seats. Well, Mikenzhie did, Kelley and the desk fell over. I was hilarious. Anyway the video was narrated by Liam Neeson, and oh my lord, I absolutely LOVE his voice, it's the best one in the world. Sadly there was this annoying feminine guy who spoke like and idiot. Socrates was really ugly, and he was known for it too. In 508 BC pandemonium was erupted and there was a man named Cleisthenes. He basically was raised to be and aristocrat, which means you are wealthy, and highly respected and powerful. Although he was supposedly an aristocrat he felt all peoples should be in charge of their own destiny. 3/4 of Greece is covered in mountains, that is why they traveled a lot by ships. Greece was so big that they had to break it down into city-states and so city-states had their own tradition, culture and background. Also the place Spartan men liked most were the barracks. These were military homes where they basically grew up in. Also, they didn't mind to die as much because it was not comparison to the food they ate. Lastly, their cloaks were died blood red to represent they blood of their enemies.
Tuesday, February 26, 2013
Monday, February 25, 2013
Test Day
Mr. Fendryk was out sub today. All we did was take the test and thankfully we were allowed to use our books. I feel I got a 90 or higher, definitely not a 100%. I finished almost exactly when the bell rang. I sat down and then I had to leave.
Friday, February 22, 2013
Review
It's an open book test Monday!! Whoo!! Anyway, we just reviewed for the test and we went over the governments and Sparta and Athens. We kind of got side-tracked and talked a lot about gun control and prisons. Besides that it was just talk about the outline and test below.
Wednesday, February 20, 2013
Boring
All we did was look at the outline for the test. I only took notes on a couple things, such as: the early languages evolved into Latin and Greek. Also that the Dark Ages were from 1150-750 BC. I figured that I would just go over the outline since it is all on his blog. So I'm deciding put it here:
I. The European Barbarians (LO1)
A. The Earliest Europeans
1. by 4000BC, farming and village life had spread throughout the continent
2. by 3500BC, increased population and wealth led to complex religious structures
B. The Barbarian Way of Life
1. common way of life as result of migrations of Indo-European nomads (c.2500BC onward) from the steppes that bordered Europe on the east
2. languages
a. ancestor languages of Greek and Latin
3. elites of warriors
4. farming and village life
5. In this way, Europe came to be inhabited by peoples who spoke mostly Indo-European languages; who were skilled in farming, metalworking, trade, and warfare; and who were fairly well organized on the local level, but had no cities, written records, or fixed structures of government
6. c.2000BC-1000AD these barbarians came into contact with civilization
7. the first such European barbarian people to make contact with civilization were the Greeks - their civilization, the first to emerge in Europe, was the first to definitively be labeled “Western”
II. The Aegean Encounter (LO2)
A. Minoan Civilization
1. c.2200BC a distinct civilization known as Minoan arose on the Aegean island of Crete
2. Minoans drew wealth from control of the seas and trade with eastern Mediterranean lands, especially Egypt
B. The Arrival of the Greeks: Mycenaean Civilization
1. when the Greeks made their way to the Aegean, they seem to have been a European barbarian people much like any other
2. eventually they came under the influence of nearby Crete
3. by c.1600BC Greek chieftains had established settlements along the mainland’s southern shore and on some islands
4. Mycenaean Greeks
5. struggles between Mycenaeans and Minoans for control of the commerce of the eastern Mediterranean lasted until c.1400BC, with the destruction of Minoan towns, perhaps as a result of Mycenaean conquest
C. The “Dark Ages”
1. Mycenaean civilization lasted until shortly after 1200BC due to the conquest of the Sea Peoples
2. c.1150 BC Myceneae was sacked and all settlements deserted - in addition, the population dropped, and writing fell out of use
3. this led to the eclipse of civilization for almost 400 years, known as the Dark Ages (1150 - 750 BC)
4. but the Greeks themselves survived and even expanded their territory
D. The Renewal of Greek Civilization
1. c.800 BC the Aegean region recovered
2. population expansion led to founding of colonies, c.800-600 BC
3. the Greeks joined the Phoenicians as the leading commercial and seafaring nation of the Mediterranean
4. a common religion
5. new developments
a. use of iron tools and weapons
b. coined money
c. borrowing of Phoenician shipbuilding and warfare techniques
d. writing and the alphabet formed the Greek language
III. Citizens and Communities: The Greek City-States (LO3)
A. City-States and Citizens
1. notion of citizenship seems to have originated partly in geography
2. hoplites: Greek infantrymen equipped with bronze helmets and armor, round shields, long spears, and short swords
3. city-state, citizens, tradition, and myth
B. Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, Democracy
1. in the earliest times, communities were ruled by kings
2. monarchy then gave way to new forms of government that distributed power more widely among male citizens
a. oligarchy: a minority of citizens dominated the government, and the power of the majority was limited in various ways
3. but other city-states gave more power to the majority (particularly those that developed into large commercial centers)
a. in these city-states the common people were too numerous and active to ignore,
b. in these cities, social conflicts sometimes led to the emergence of tyranny (rule by a dictator)
c. but tyranny was often only a passing phase on the way to democracy (all government decisions were made by the majority of male citizens)
4. although Greek city-states had many features in common, each was individual in character
C. Sparta: The Military Ideal
1. Spartans were descendants of Greeks who had conquered part of the Southern mainland: Laconia
2. by 800BC they were a minority of landholders ruling over a majority of helots (noncitizens forced to work for landholders)
3. Messenian helots, however, frequently rebelled
a. this forced Spartans to accept a governmental system that put them under almost total domination by a few among themselves
4. by 500BC, policy decisions had been taken over by a council of elders
5. thus the Spartan government was a leading example of oligarchy
6. Spartan male life was dedicated entirely to the service of the state
7. the relative freedom of Spartan women aroused both admiration and disapproval among other Greeks
8. to protect this way of life, Spartans tried to seal off their city-state from outside influences
D. Athens: Freedom and Power
1. c.800BC many old-established communities in the Attica peninsula merged to form a single city-state that was known by the name of the most important community: Athens
2. over the next 300 years, Athens grew to become the wealthiest and one of the most powerful city-states, largely as a result of overseas trade
a. produced and exported wine and oil
b. workshops produced weapons, pottery, and articles of silver, lead, and marble
c. these were trade overseas for metal, timber, and grain
3. with a rising population and greater wealth came social and political conflicts
a. usually between aristocrats and increasingly numerous dēmos
b. in conflicts with the aristocracy, the dēmos could generally find aristocrats to lead them whom they respected and who wanted their support
4. as a result, Athens passed through several stages of political growth, beginning with monarchy and including both oligarchy and tyranny
a. eventually political power was extended to all adult male citizens, with aristocrats becoming leaders instead of rulers
5. The Persian Wars
a. in the sixth century BC, the Persians had conquered a realm that stretched from the border of India to the Nile and the Aegean
b. now the empire was within striking distance of the Greeks, and Persia conquered the Greek city-states in western Asia Minor
c. when Athens aided a rebellion by these city-states, Persian king Darius sought to extend his empire into mainland Greece, c.494BC
d. the Persians lost the decisive battle of Marathon in 490BC
e. then in 480BC, the Athenian navy crushed the Persians at Salamis, and the Spartans faced the Persians on land at Thermopylae and then at Platea
6. when final peace was made with Persia in 445 BC, Athens was the controlling power of the Aegean Sea
7. after Persia’s defeat, Athenian democracy entered a “Golden Age”
8. the workings of democracy
a. a Council of Five Hundred and roughly one thousand public officials were chosen annually by lot
b. chief military officers, the Ten Generals, were chosen each year by vote of the male citizens
c. adult male citizens were a minority of the population of Athens
i. the rest of the population was composed of adult female citizens, adult noncitizens, and children
ii. adult male citizens probably made up no more than one-fifth of the total adult population
iii. the remaining four-fifths had no say in government
9. men and women in Athens
a. women were highly visible in religious affairs
b. not much is known of women’s life lower down the social scale or outside the city
10. slaves
a. were a diverse group; not all of them lived lives of total subjection and powerlessness
b. most slaves were non-Greeks, or the descendants of non-Greeks
Chapter 3 Outline
A. The Earliest Europeans
1. by 4000BC, farming and village life had spread throughout the continent
2. by 3500BC, increased population and wealth led to complex religious structures
B. The Barbarian Way of Life
1. common way of life as result of migrations of Indo-European nomads (c.2500BC onward) from the steppes that bordered Europe on the east
2. languages
a. ancestor languages of Greek and Latin
3. elites of warriors
4. farming and village life
5. In this way, Europe came to be inhabited by peoples who spoke mostly Indo-European languages; who were skilled in farming, metalworking, trade, and warfare; and who were fairly well organized on the local level, but had no cities, written records, or fixed structures of government
6. c.2000BC-1000AD these barbarians came into contact with civilization
7. the first such European barbarian people to make contact with civilization were the Greeks - their civilization, the first to emerge in Europe, was the first to definitively be labeled “Western”
II. The Aegean Encounter (LO2)
A. Minoan Civilization
1. c.2200BC a distinct civilization known as Minoan arose on the Aegean island of Crete
2. Minoans drew wealth from control of the seas and trade with eastern Mediterranean lands, especially Egypt
B. The Arrival of the Greeks: Mycenaean Civilization
1. when the Greeks made their way to the Aegean, they seem to have been a European barbarian people much like any other
2. eventually they came under the influence of nearby Crete
3. by c.1600BC Greek chieftains had established settlements along the mainland’s southern shore and on some islands
4. Mycenaean Greeks
5. struggles between Mycenaeans and Minoans for control of the commerce of the eastern Mediterranean lasted until c.1400BC, with the destruction of Minoan towns, perhaps as a result of Mycenaean conquest
C. The “Dark Ages”
1. Mycenaean civilization lasted until shortly after 1200BC due to the conquest of the Sea Peoples
2. c.1150 BC Myceneae was sacked and all settlements deserted - in addition, the population dropped, and writing fell out of use
3. this led to the eclipse of civilization for almost 400 years, known as the Dark Ages (1150 - 750 BC)
4. but the Greeks themselves survived and even expanded their territory
D. The Renewal of Greek Civilization
1. c.800 BC the Aegean region recovered
2. population expansion led to founding of colonies, c.800-600 BC
3. the Greeks joined the Phoenicians as the leading commercial and seafaring nation of the Mediterranean
4. a common religion
5. new developments
a. use of iron tools and weapons
b. coined money
c. borrowing of Phoenician shipbuilding and warfare techniques
d. writing and the alphabet formed the Greek language
III. Citizens and Communities: The Greek City-States (LO3)
A. City-States and Citizens
1. notion of citizenship seems to have originated partly in geography
2. hoplites: Greek infantrymen equipped with bronze helmets and armor, round shields, long spears, and short swords
3. city-state, citizens, tradition, and myth
B. Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, Democracy
1. in the earliest times, communities were ruled by kings
2. monarchy then gave way to new forms of government that distributed power more widely among male citizens
a. oligarchy: a minority of citizens dominated the government, and the power of the majority was limited in various ways
3. but other city-states gave more power to the majority (particularly those that developed into large commercial centers)
a. in these city-states the common people were too numerous and active to ignore,
b. in these cities, social conflicts sometimes led to the emergence of tyranny (rule by a dictator)
c. but tyranny was often only a passing phase on the way to democracy (all government decisions were made by the majority of male citizens)
4. although Greek city-states had many features in common, each was individual in character
C. Sparta: The Military Ideal
1. Spartans were descendants of Greeks who had conquered part of the Southern mainland: Laconia
2. by 800BC they were a minority of landholders ruling over a majority of helots (noncitizens forced to work for landholders)
3. Messenian helots, however, frequently rebelled
a. this forced Spartans to accept a governmental system that put them under almost total domination by a few among themselves
4. by 500BC, policy decisions had been taken over by a council of elders
5. thus the Spartan government was a leading example of oligarchy
6. Spartan male life was dedicated entirely to the service of the state
7. the relative freedom of Spartan women aroused both admiration and disapproval among other Greeks
8. to protect this way of life, Spartans tried to seal off their city-state from outside influences
D. Athens: Freedom and Power
1. c.800BC many old-established communities in the Attica peninsula merged to form a single city-state that was known by the name of the most important community: Athens
2. over the next 300 years, Athens grew to become the wealthiest and one of the most powerful city-states, largely as a result of overseas trade
a. produced and exported wine and oil
b. workshops produced weapons, pottery, and articles of silver, lead, and marble
c. these were trade overseas for metal, timber, and grain
3. with a rising population and greater wealth came social and political conflicts
a. usually between aristocrats and increasingly numerous dēmos
b. in conflicts with the aristocracy, the dēmos could generally find aristocrats to lead them whom they respected and who wanted their support
4. as a result, Athens passed through several stages of political growth, beginning with monarchy and including both oligarchy and tyranny
a. eventually political power was extended to all adult male citizens, with aristocrats becoming leaders instead of rulers
5. The Persian Wars
a. in the sixth century BC, the Persians had conquered a realm that stretched from the border of India to the Nile and the Aegean
b. now the empire was within striking distance of the Greeks, and Persia conquered the Greek city-states in western Asia Minor
c. when Athens aided a rebellion by these city-states, Persian king Darius sought to extend his empire into mainland Greece, c.494BC
d. the Persians lost the decisive battle of Marathon in 490BC
e. then in 480BC, the Athenian navy crushed the Persians at Salamis, and the Spartans faced the Persians on land at Thermopylae and then at Platea
6. when final peace was made with Persia in 445 BC, Athens was the controlling power of the Aegean Sea
7. after Persia’s defeat, Athenian democracy entered a “Golden Age”
8. the workings of democracy
a. a Council of Five Hundred and roughly one thousand public officials were chosen annually by lot
b. chief military officers, the Ten Generals, were chosen each year by vote of the male citizens
c. adult male citizens were a minority of the population of Athens
i. the rest of the population was composed of adult female citizens, adult noncitizens, and children
ii. adult male citizens probably made up no more than one-fifth of the total adult population
iii. the remaining four-fifths had no say in government
9. men and women in Athens
a. women were highly visible in religious affairs
b. not much is known of women’s life lower down the social scale or outside the city
10. slaves
a. were a diverse group; not all of them lived lives of total subjection and powerlessness
b. most slaves were non-Greeks, or the descendants of non-Greeks
Tuesday, February 19, 2013
LO1; LO2; LO3
3500 BC: Megalithic structures were constructed
2500 BC: IE nomads; steppes migrated to Europe
2200 BC: Minoan Civilization took root
1600 BC: Greek chieftains established settlements
1400 BC: Rivalry ended with destruction of Minoans (mystery); "sea people" destroyed the Minoans
Stonehedge
2500 BC: IE nomads; steppes migrated to Europe
2200 BC: Minoan Civilization took root
1600 BC: Greek chieftains established settlements
1400 BC: Rivalry ended with destruction of Minoans (mystery); "sea people" destroyed the Minoans
Stonehedge
- most famous megalithic structure
- used as a calendar and religious
Barbarian way of Life
- put all belongings with dead
- war-like people
- women could go to war for care or encouragement
- Barbarians came in contact with everyone; learned what they saw from everyone else (very beneficial)
Geography of Greece
- 3/4 mountainous
- Ionian sea is to the west and Aegean Sea is to the east (trade, food, sailing, etc.)
- poor natural resources
- hard to unite Greeks because they were so spread out
- Crete was to the south
- Peloponnesian Peninsula (Sparta)
Tribes
- groups of people
- connected by culture, tradition and common interest
- you could leave a tribe
-Mediterranean (middle of Earth)
-Acropolis is the hill, not the Parthenon structure on of it
-Main wealth came from farming
-had lots of timber and metals
-Minoans civilization arose in Crete in 2200 BC (wealth came from surrounding seas, most trading was with Egypt)
-Mycenaean civilization arose about the same as Minoan; crashed same time
-Big Rivalry
Buried rulers in huge, stone-lined underground chambers
Dark Ages
- started with crisis downfall of Hittites
- no one knows what happened
- Greeks survived the Dark Ages
- There are no written records
Renewal of Greek
- grew in 800 BC so much that they ran out of their supply
- Olympics-stopped for thousands of years
- started to adapt and migrate and learn from civilizations before themtribal communication develped into city-states
- fortresses and temples are extremely important
Greek City-States
- small and more like a county than anything
Hoplite: men-at-arms
-Greeks 1st city states developed same time Assyrians were reaching for power west from Mesopotamia
-the army's solider's were citizens who could afford it
-soldiers were treated better than they are now-a-days
Government
- Sparta was an Oligarchy
- Social conflicts could lead to emergency of a tyranny
- common people too big and active to ignore
- Greeks gave more voice to the people
- Triremes
- women have a lot more rights in Sparta than other placesb
Friday, February 15, 2013
Review Test
We reviewed the test today and I got about 5 wrong or so, and on the essay I got 19/20. While doing so we got yelled at kinda harshly. After that we worked on our PowerPoint and didn't get really far. Julia and I are doing the one that's government officials. We didn't actually have time to write on it but we did read the section. Homework is to finish the PowerPoint by Monday's class.
Wednesday, February 13, 2013
LO2
Mr. Schick wasn't here today, our sub was the librarian. We just worked on some more of the PowerPoint. We got a good amount of it done, but it was difficult to do since two of them didn't have computers to work on.
Tuesday, February 12, 2013
Power Point
All we did in class was work on our PowerPoint and I didn't have to do too much because in my off mods I completed two slides. The thing I mainly did was look for pictures to put on it and help Julia out with her slide. I also switched the design so it is prettier. Max, David and Hayden still had to do their slides.
Monday, February 11, 2013
Missed Half the Class
I didn't take many notes today in class because I had to see Mr. Ireton (All is well). We went over chapter 3 that we all read over the weekend. We took notes from the screen and what I got was: the Greeks were from 2200-400 BC. An Acropolis is basically a structure at the top of a hill. Some important dates are that in 3500 BC Megalithic structures were basically found and formed. An example of a Megalithic structure are the stonehenge. We talked for a long time and had a lot of theories ranging from Carving them out of a mountain to aliens to Mammoths lifting them, yet no one theory though of by any body in the whole world has yet to makes sense. We just can't figure it out. So I guess it will just be one of those things that we never know. In 2500 BC the Indo-Europeans migrated, and in 2200 the Greeks arrived in South East Europe. That's all the notes I got today, I was going to borrow Savannah's note book but I completely forgot. When I did get back we're working in groups on a powerpoint about the Greeks.
Saturday, February 9, 2013
Greeks
Barbarian: A member of a community or tribe not belonging to one of the
great civilizations.
Megalithic: Denoting
prehistoric cultures characterized by the erection of megalithic monuments
Tribe: A social division in a traditional
society consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic,
religious
Indo-European: Ancestors of Greeks and Latins
The Greeks were one of the earliest civilizations. The are
greatly known for their accomplishments, structures and life styles.
Greeks were one of the very first barbarians, soon they started to
migrate more towards the southeastern area of Europe. This was around the
time 2000 BC. The Greeks were wealthy, held a high status and were independent.
Most of the structures that they built, are still standing today (even
though they had gone through so much bad weather and others trying to
destroy/ruin them). These megalithic structures were starting to be
built around the year 3500 BC. The Greek's classic civilization emerged
close to the year 800 BC. When a solider died he would be laid next to
his wife and his items such as horse chariot and other items would be buried
with them. I think that's stupid to kill a horse for that reason though.
Smaller tribes started to answer to a larger city. From what the
Greeks accomplished, they helped shape the future and their ways gave
others a foundation also.
Wednesday, February 6, 2013
More Egypt
Slaves were in charge of helping out the wealthy, and they raised wheat, barley, lentil and onions. The artisans made lots of stuff, from kitchen-ware to battle attire. People bartered things, and soon it turned into coins representing things. The Egyptians soon became really curious about they body. They knew what the lungs and heart were, as well as their function. But they didn't know much about the head/brain much at all. They just thought it took place in the chest area. Pharaohs were the leaders politically and religiously. Hatshepsut was the first woman pharaoh and Cleopatra VII was the last (woman and pharaoh in general). The temples used to be all shiny and pretty. The temple of Amon is still the worlds largest religious building. The Egyptians also built sailboats! Paypyrus was paper back then that they made out of the Nile's supplies. Gods and Goddesses in their time controlled their lives and were half human, half animal. There are over 2000 of them! Maat means harmony, basically the same thing as Nirvana. Good to know: Woman could divorce her husband, and she could inherit land and money. Something nasty to know: Pharaohs would sometimes marry their sisters. Hieroglyphs and Hieratic were types of writing, hieroglyphs was more drawing, and hieratic was more actual letters. We watched a mummification process thing and it was very interesting. It took them about 40 days to dry out the body with salt.
Tuesday, February 5, 2013
Pyramid
There was a Pyramid website game thing that we did in class today. It was pretty dificult and I could not seem to get it. My partner though, Alex finally at the end managed to get it. It was so agravating! I never completed it though, I don't care though, it just made me angry. He explained to us that whoever got first, got a 100%, second 90%, 3rd 80%, and everyone else got a 70%. Makenzie and Sydney got first, someone else got second and Julia and Drew got third. Then, he announced that whoever got finished in class after second place received an 80%. We did!
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